Bovine digital dermatitis in the Brazilian Amazon biome and topical treatment with Copaifera reticulata oil / Dermatite digital bovina no bioma amazônico brasileiro e tratamento tópico com óleo de Copaifera reticulata

Bovine Digital Dermatitis (BDD) was studied in crossbred dairy cows grazing in Rondon do Pará, in the state of Pará, as well as in Açailândia and Cidelândia, in the state of Maranhão, Brazilian Amazon biome. The digits inspection from the dairy cows during milking was performed in ten farms comprising four visits (August and November 2016; April and July 2017). The cows were kept all year in pastures, and were mechanically milked on concrete floors and the animals were protected against the rains in eight farms, maintaining a daily cleaning, however, it could not be found a concrete floor in pre- or post-milking to ensure milking parlor on three farms. Manual milking on no concrete floors was performed in two farms. No preventive measures against hoof lesions were adopted. The BDD prevalence was 1.3% (22/1664), and no statistical difference among rainy or no rainy season was obtained (p = 0.72). The BDD lesions were classified according to "M system" (M0 = no lesion, M1 = active ulceration <2cm, M2 = active ulceration >2cm, M3 = healing stage, M4 = chronic stage, M4.1 = M4 with active ulceration). Regarding the 22 BDD lesions observed, 22.7% (5/22) were M1 stage, 36.4% (8/22) M2, 22.7% (5/22) M3, 13.6% (3/22) M4 and 4.5 (1/22) M4.1. Hypertrophic hairs at the edges of the lesions caused by fly larvae of genus Cochliomyia spp. as well as alterations on the hoof were also observed. Topical treatment was performed in six BDD lesions with a raw extract from trees of the genus Copaifera reticulata (Copaiba oil) and compared with the treatment of salicylic acid paste in five BDD lesions. The lesions were protected with a bandage for seven days and followed weekly until recovery. The complete therapeutic responses were 83.4% (5/6) and 75% (3/4), respectively, with an average time of seven weeks. The BDD in the Amazon biome occurs in low prevalence, not seasonal, and presents macro and microscopic features similar to BDD lesions from dairy cattle kept in free-stall housing. The treatment with copaiba oil showed similar results to the treatment of salicylic acid paste and can be used in control measures to BDD in the Amazon biome.(AU)

A dermatite digital bovina (DDB) foi estudada em vacas mestiças leiteiras nos municípios de Rondon do Pará no Pará, Açailândia e Cidelândia no Maranhão, bioma amazônico brasileiro. Para tanto, foram realizadas quatro visitas a 10 propriedades, nos meses de agosto e novembro em 2016 e abril e julho em 2017, e realizada a inspeção dos dígitos de 1.664 vacas em lactação durante a ordenha. Nestas propriedades as vacas eram criadas a pasto durante todo o ano e ordenhadas mecanicamente em oito propriedades. As quais, as salas de ordenha tinham piso concretado, com proteção contra as chuvas e era realizada a limpeza diariamente. No entanto, em três dessas propriedades, as salas de pré ou pós ordenha tinham piso não concretado e em duas, a ordenha era manual em piso de chão batido. Em todas elas não havia medidas profiláticas para afecções podais. A prevalência de DDB foi de 1,3% (22/1.664) e não se obteve diferença estatística entre os períodos chuvoso e não chuvoso (P = 0,72). As lesões observadas foram classificadas de acordo com o sistema M (M0-sem lesão; M1-lesão ulcerada <2cm; M2-lesão ulcerada >2cm; M3-lesão em cicatrização; M4-lesão crônica; M4.1- M4 com área ulcerada). De 22 lesões observadas, 22,7% (5/22) apresentavam-se em estágio M1, 36,4% (8/22) em M2, 22,7% (5/22) em M3, 13,6% (3/22) em M4 e 4,5% (1/22) em M4.1. Pelos hipertrofiados nos bordos das lesões, larvas de moscas do gênero Cochliomyia spp. e alterações no tecido córneo também foram observados. Nas lesões de 11 bovinos, em seis, foi realizado o tratamento tópico com extrato bruto de Copaifera reticulata (óleo de copaíba) e em cinco, com a pasta de ácido salicílico a 660mg/g e ambos os tratamentos foram protegidos com bandagem por sete dias. Após, as lesões foram acompanhadas semanalmente até a cura e obteve-se um índice de 83,4% (5/6) e 75% (3/4) de cura com esses tratamentos, respectivamente, com uma média de 7 semanas. Conclui-se que no bioma amazônico a DDB ocorre em baixa prevalência, não sazonal e com características macroscópicas semelhantes às lesões de vacas leiteiras criadas em sistema free stall. O tratamento com o óleo da copaíba apresentou resultados semelhante ao ácido salicílico e pode ser uma alternativa como medida de controle da DDB no bioma amazônico.(AU)

Clinical study on treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis with intense pulsed light combined with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated the effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid on facial seborrheic dermatitis. METHODS: A total of 45 patients with mild or moderate facial seborrheic dermatitis were selected from our hospital between September 2018 and September 2019. The patients were divided into three groups consisting of 15 patients each. The first group was exposed to a combination of IPL and 30% supramolecular salicylic acid treatment, the second group was exposed to the IPL treatment alone, and the third group was exposed to the 30% supramolecular salicylic acid treatment alone. They were treated once every 4 weeks in three consecutive rounds. RESULTS: Facial lesions and symptoms were observed 4 and 12 weeks after the first treatment, and adverse reactions were recorded. The combination group showed significant improvement in symptoms 4 weeks after the first treatment, while the individual treatment groups showed no significant improvement. After three rounds of treatments, seborrheic dermatitis had significantly decreased in the three groups; the efficacy of the combined treatment group was significantly higher than that of the IPL group and the 30% supramolecular salicylic acid group. CONCLUSION: IPL combined with 30% supramolecular salicylic acid was effective in the treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis and provided a quicker result with no adverse reactions.

Efficacy and safety of superficial chemical peeling in treatment of active acne vulgaris

Abstract: Acne vulgaris is an extremely common condition affecting the pilosebaceous unit of the skin and characterized by presence of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, cysts, which might result in permanent scars. Acne vulgaris commonly involve adolescents and young age groups. Active acne vulgaris is usually associated with several complications like hyper or hypopigmentation, scar formation and skin disfigurement. Previous studies have targeted the efficiency and safety of local and systemic agents in the treatment of active acne vulgaris. Superficial chemical peeling is a skin-wounding procedure which might cause some potentially undesirable adverse events. This study was conducted to review the efficacy and safety of superficial chemical peeling in the treatment of active acne vulgaris. It is a structured review of an earlier seven articles meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The clinical assessments were based on pretreatment and post-treatment comparisons and the role of superficial chemical peeling in reduction of papules, pustules and comedones in active acne vulgaris. This study showed that almost all patients tolerated well the chemical peeling procedures despite a mild discomfort, burning, irritation and erythema have been reported; also the incidence of major adverse events was very low and easily manageable. In conclusion, chemical peeling with glycolic acid is a well-tolerated and safe treatment modality in active acne vulgaris while salicylic acid peels is a more convenient for treatment of darker skin patients and it showed significant and earlier improvement than glycolic acid

Aplicação exógena do ácido salicílico em maracujazeiro-amarelo para o controle do vírus do endurecimento dos frutos / Exogenous application of salicylic acid in yellow passion fruit for the control of fruit woodiness virus

Foram avaliados o efeito do ácido salicílico (AS) no controle do Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), vírus que induz o endurecimento dos frutos do maracujazeiro (EFM), e a sua influência na expressão dos sintomas e na ativação das enzimas peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. O experimento foi delineado e conduzido de forma inteiramente casualizada. Os tratamentos consistiram em AS (2,5 mM) e controle (etanol 10%), aplicados 12 horas antes da inoculação mecânica do CABMV, agente causal do EFM no Brasil. Um experimento similar foi conduzido sob as mesmas condições, porém, quatro aplicações do AS foram realizadas semanalmente após a inoculação mecânica do CABMV. Em ambos os experimentos a avaliação da severidade da doença foi realizada empregando escala de notas que variaram de 0 a 3. Para avaliar a atividade das enzimas peroxidase e polifenoloxidase, as plantas foram tratadas (AS e controle) e, após 12 horas, inoculadas com o isolado de CABMV. Foram realizadas amostragens foliares 0, 12, 24 e 48 horas após os tratamentos (HAT), que foram processadas e analisadas em espectrofotômetro para a constatação da ativação da peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. Aos 30 dias após a inoculação (DAI), o AS aplicado uma única vez promoveu redução da severidade de 57,1%, quando comparado com o controle. Nas plantas submetidas às aplicações semanais de AS foi constatada a redução significativa da expressão dos sintomas aos 45 DAI. Nos ensaios bioquímicos foi observado aumento significativo de peroxidase nos intervalos de 12 horas (DAI)/24 horas (HAT). Para polifenoloxidase foi observado um aumento significativo de sua atividade nos intervalos de 24 horas (DAI)/48 horas (HAT). Sugere-se que o AS pode representar uma ferramenta adicional no manejo do EFM.(AU)

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) was evaluated in control of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), which induces hardening of the fruits of passion fruit (EFM). Also, its influence on the expression of symptoms and the activation of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidases were evaluated. The experiment was designed and conducted in a completely random way. The treatments consisted of SA (2.5 mM) and control (10% ethanol), applied 12 hours before mechanical inoculation of CABMV, the causal agent of EFM in Brazil. A similar experiment was conducted under the same conditions, but four applications were performed weekly after CABMV mechanical inoculation. In both experiments a rating scale ranging from 0 to 3 was used to assess the severity of the disease. To evaluate the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase, the plants were treated (SA and control) and, after 12 hours, inoculated with isolated CABMV. Leaf samplings were performed at 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours after the treatments (HAT), processed and analyzed in a spectrophotometer to verify the activation of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. At 30 days after inoculation (DAI), the SA applied once promoted reduction of 57.1% of the severity, when compared with the control. In plants subjected to SA weekly applications, it was found a significantly reduction in the expression of symptoms at 45 DAI. In the biochemical assays, a significant increase in peroxidase in 12-hour intervals (DAI)/24 hours (HAT) was observed. For polyphenol oxidase, a significant increase of its activity was observed at 24 hour intervals (DAI)/48 hours (HAT). It is suggested that SA may represent an additional tool in the management of EFM.(AU)

Pityriasis rubra pilaris: presentación de casos / Pityriasis rubra pilaris: presentation of cases

Se realizó una presentación de casos, de dos pacientes con lesiones dermatológicas, donde existe correlación clínico-histopatológica, de Pityriasis rubra pilaris. La intención de este trabajo es que en la práctica dermatológica se piense en esta dermatosis. Para ello se tuvieron como objetivos: viabilizar la comprensión de esta entidad, contribuir a realizar el diagnóstico diferencial con otros cuadros como son dermatitis seborreica, queratodermia palmo-plantar, psoriasis, entre otros. En la dermatosis objeto de estudio, su cuadro histológico es característico, y debe introducirse alimentos en la dieta ricos en vitamina A, beta carotenos y azufre, pues el factor alimenticio juega un papel importante en aquellas afecciones donde la etiología por déficit de las vitaminas u otro oligoelemento está presente. Se revisan aspectos clínicos, asociaciones con otras enfermedades, el tratamiento de esta dermatosis. Se utilizó el método aleatorio, al azar, longitudinal, corroborando el diagnóstico por biopsia de piel de las pacientes. Las pacientes estudiados fueron: ARG, de 5 años, femenina, blanca remitida por el pediatra por lesiones en placas máculo amarillo-hipocrómicas–papulosas, distribuidas en superficie de extensión de brazos y piernas; LSG, de 19 años, femenina, blanca, que es remitida por presentar lesiones en placas máculo-hipocrómico pápulo-escamosas bordes difusos, localizadas en muslo y pierna derechos, se constata alopecia difusa del pelo del cuero cabelludo. El tratamiento local indicado fue una pomada con reductor, ácido salicílico y vaselina, la orientación alimenticia fue dirigida a ingerir alimentos ricos en vitamina A o beta carotenos, y alimentos ricos en azufre, insistiéndoles en esta parte del tratamiento por los antecedentes de ambas pacientes a la no ingestión de estos alimentos. A lo largo de 10 años hemos revisado anualmente la evolución de las pacientes, no existiendo recidivas hasta el momento, manteniendo ambas el régimen dietético orientado.

We presented the cases of two patients with dermatologic lesions, where there it is clinic- histopathologic correlation, of Pityriasis rubra pilaris. The intention of this work is taking into account this dermatosis in the dermatologic practice. To achieve that our objectives were: allowing the comprehension of this entity, contributing to the differential diagnosis with other conditions like seborrheic dermatitis, palmoplantar keratoderma, psoriasis and others. The histological picture of the studied dermatosis is characteristic, and there should be introduced in the diet foods rich in vitamin A, beta carotenes and sulfur, because the alimentary fact plays an important role in those conditions where the etiology by vitamins or other oligo-element deficit is present. We reviewed clinical aspects, the association with other diseases, the treatment of this dermatosis. We used the randomized, longitudinal method, corroborating the diagnostic by patient's skin biopsy. The studied patients were: ARG, white, female, 5-years-old patient send by the podiatrist because she had lesions in yellow macula hypochromic- papular plates, located in extension surfaces of arms and legs; LSG, white, female, 19-years-old patient send presenting lesions in macula- hypochromic papular- squamous plaques with diffuse rims, located in the right thigh and leg, stating diffuse alopecia of the scalp. The indicated treatment was an ointment with reductive, salicylic acid and vaseline. They were advised to eat foods rich in vitamin A or beta carotenes and sulfur, insisting in this part of the treatment because they had antecedents of not eating these foods. We have followed the evolution of these patients for ten years without relapses, having the patients kept the oriented dietetic regime.

Efectividad de la pomada de urea en las verrugas plantares / Effectiveness of the urea ointment in the feet warts

Se hizo un ensayo clinicoterapéutico en 60 pacientes atendidos en la consulta de Dermatología del Hospital Provincial Docente Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2008, con el fin evaluar la efectividad de la pomada de urea en las verrugas plantares. Se conformaron 2 grupos (de estudio y control): los primeros recibieron pomada de urea al 20 por ciento y los segundos pomada salicílica al 40 por ciento. La pomada de urea resultó más eficaz para eliminar las manifestaciones clínicas de esa lesión, en un período de 6 a 8 semanas y no hubo reacciones adversas.

A clinical therapeutical trial was made in 60 patients assisted at the Dermatology department of Dr Joaquín Castillo Duany Teaching Provincial Hospital from Santiago de Cuba, during 2008, aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the urea ointment in the feet warts. They conformed to 2 groups (study and control): the first group received urea ointment at 20 percent and the second one salicylic ointment at 40 percent. The urea ointment was more effective to eliminate the clinical manifestations of that lesion, in a period of 6 to 8 weeks and there were not adverse reactions.

Experiencia clínica de un tratamiento a base de vitamina C glicosilada, ácido salicílico y zincadone ATM en hombres chilenos con piel mixta a grasa hasta acné inflamatorio leve / Action and tolerance of a formulation with glycosylated vitamin C, zincadone ATM and salicylic acid on Chilean male patients with greasy or mixed normal/greasy skin and/or mild inflammatory acne

Con el fin de evaluar la acción y tolerancia de una formulación a base de vitamina CG, Zincadone ATM y ácido salicílico se reclutaron 65 hombres con piel facial mixta, seborreica y/o con acné inflamatorio leve. Durante un período de 60 días se realizó un estudio clínico abierto y prospectivo en el cual se cuantificó clínicamente el número de lesiones no inflamatorias e inflamatorias, se evaluó el grado de dilatación de los poros a través de escala visual y con lente 30X, se cuantificó la presencia de sebo mediante sebumetría y el porcentaje de hidratación de la piel del rostro. Adicionalmente se utilizó el sistema VISIA para realizar un análisis de la dilatación de los poros, porfirinas cutáneas y textura de la piel. Se observó una mejoría significativa en cada uno de los parámetros medidos.

An open and prospective study was performed in order to evaluate the action and tolerance of a formulation with Glycosylated Vitamin C, Zincadone ATM and Salicylic Acid on 65 male patients with greasy or mixed normal/greasy skin and/or mild inflammatory acne during a period of sixty days. The degree of dilated pores was evaluated both visually and through a 30X lens. The number of inflammatory and non inflammatory lesions, sebumetry and moisture percentage were clinically quantified. Additionally, the VISIA system was utilized to evaluate dilated pores, cutaneous porphyrines and skin texture. There was a significant improvement in each one of the parameters studied.

Reiter's disease in a six-year-old girl.

Reiter's syndrome has characteristically been described in young males and presents with a triad of urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis. Reiter's syndrome has been known to affect children, although they usually do not manifest with the typical triad. Only a few such cases have been reported and these have described males predominantly. A case of a six-year-old girl who presented with watery diarrhea, redness of eyes and joint pains followed by skin involvement is reported. She was managed with topical salicylic acid and hydrocortisone, and oral aspirin and showed complete resolution of her clinical features in three weeks.

Peeling y dermabrasión / Peeling and dermabrasion

En el último tiempo, los peelings químicos y mecánicos como la microdermabrasión se han convertido en importantes armas terapéuticas para los dermatólogos, permitiendo mejorar el aspecto de la piel, disminuir los efectos del fotoenvejecimiento y utilizarlos en diferentes patologías cutáneas de consulta frecuente. Es responsabilidad del dermatólogo conocer y controlar los diferentes productos y métodos utilizados en estas técnicas, asegurándose su confiabilidad mediante estudios científicos serios que permitan comprender su verdadera efectividad. En este artículo se revisarán aspectos clínicos e histológicos del envejecimiento intrínseco y del fotoenvejecimiento, así como las principales características de los peelings químicos, sus indicaciones, manejo y complicaciones. También se abordarán los elementos más importantes de los peelings mecánicos.

Molusco contagioso: evaluación de diversas modalidades terapéuticas / Molluscum contagiosum: Evaluation oftherapeutic modalities diverse

El molusco contagioso (MC) es una infección cutánea causada por el virus ADN de mayor tamaño conocido, el cual fue descubierto por Juliusburg en 1905. Esta enfermedad afecta tanto a niños como a adultos, aunque el pico de incidencia máximo se observa en menores de 5 años con un prevalencia aproximada de 25 por ciento. No muestra predilección por sexo ni raza. Se han reportado casos de transmisión por contacto directo piel-piel, por uso de fomites y por contacto sexual; los casos de autoinoculación también ocurren. El molusco contagioso evoluciona generalmente en forma autolimitada y cura espontáneamente después de algunos meses o años. Sin embargo, la terapia puede ser útil en prevenir la autoinoculación o la transmisión a contactos cercanos. El objetivo común de los diferentes métodos terapéuticos es la destrucción de las lesiones. Nosotros comparamos diversas opciones terapéuticas que incluyeron: ácido salicílico tópico al 14 por ciento y 27 por ciento, curetaje y placebo con el fin de evaluar la eficacia de cada uno en obtener la cura del molusco contagioso